This is shown by the red % number next to your capture rate. Additionally, if you missed it, failed attempts to capture an astromon grants increased capture rate on the astromon you are attempting to capture, up to 30%.
I found out about this after several rare encounters while watching my game on auto-battle. The tutorial will teach you about the auto-battle feature, but, iirc, doesn’t mention that auto-battle will stop if you run into a rare Astromon. Hello! Recently I’ve been playing Monster Super League, a monster raising game on both iOS and Android and I thought I’d share some things I’ve learned during my course of the game.